Origins and Classification
- Scientific Name: Cyprinus rubrofuscus (Domesticated Koi variety)
- Family: Cyprinidae (Carps and Minnows)
- Origin: Originally bred in Japan from common carp species. Over centuries, selective breeding produced the vibrant and diverse color patterns seen in modern Koi.
- Popularity: Considered the jewels of ornamental ponds, Koi are prized worldwide for their beauty, longevity, and symbolism of prosperity, strength, and harmony.
🎨 Appearance
- Color: Wide range of vivid patterns including red, white, orange, yellow, black, and blue. Common varieties include Kohaku (red-white), Sanke (red-white-black), and Showa (black-red-white).
- Structure:
- Large, torpedo-shaped body ideal for graceful swimming.
- Prominent barbels (whiskers) near the mouth.
- Flowing, symmetrical fins with subtle metallic sheen in certain varieties.
- Size:
- Average adult size: 20–36 inches (50–90 cm).
- Some large specimens can exceed 3 feet (1 meter) in spacious ponds.
- Lifespan: 25–35 years on average; exceptional Koi can live 50+ years with proper care.
🏡 Pond Requirements
- Pond Size: Minimum 1,000 gallons for small groups; ideal depth 3–4 feet for temperature stability.
- Water Parameters:
- Temperature: 59–77°F (15–25°C)
- pH: 7.0–8.5
- Hardness: 6–12 dGH
- Lighting: Natural sunlight is beneficial; partial shade prevents overheating and algae bloom.
- Filtration & Aeration:
- Use strong biological filtration and air stones or waterfalls for oxygenation.
- Perform regular water changes (10–20% weekly) to maintain clarity.
- Habitat Setup:
- Provide gravel or rock bottom, aquatic plants, and gentle water movement.
- Avoid overcrowding; allow space for growth and natural schooling.
